• br The prevalence of diabetes is increasing

  2024-01-18

  

  The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally, and the situation is particularly alarming in Asia. The prevalence of diabetes in China has increased dramatically, from around 1% in 1980 to the most recent estimate of 9.7% according to a nationwide survey . Cumulative evidence shows that type 2

• Introduction AMP activated protein kinase AMPK is

  2024-01-18

  

  Introduction AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is mainly known as a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed energy sensor that is highly sensitive to changes in cellular energy levels (by sensing increases in AMP:ATP and ADP:ATP ratios) and makes appropriate adjustment to balance the consumpt

• Cell surface metalloproteases coordinate signaling

  2024-01-18

  

  Cell surface metalloproteases coordinate signaling during development, tissue homeostasis, and disease. A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) is a well-characterized member among ADAM family, which mediates the cleavage of various cell surface proteins (Black, 2002, Black et al., 1997, Dello

• Volatile esters are important to wine quality and to

  2024-01-18

  

  Volatile esters are important to wine quality and to fresh berry grape flavor, especially in fox grapes (V. labrusca) [16]. Volatile esters such as Z-3-hexyl acetate can be found in V. vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ berries albeit at low levels and their accumulation diminishes to below detection lev

• br Current therapies for metabolic diseases Inborn errors

  2024-01-18

  

  Current therapies for metabolic diseases Inborn errors of metabolism caused by deficiency of particular enzymes due to loss of function mutations or deletions have been treated by decreasing the intake of the enzymatic substrate, supplementation with an essential cofactor or vitamin, increasing m

• Despite extensive studies on the expression of T

  2024-01-18

  

  Despite extensive studies on the expression of T. pallidum-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, very little is known about T. pallidum-mediated intracellular signaling pathway activation, that leads to cytokine expression in macrophages. A network of signaling molecules, transcription factors, epigen

• MAPK Inhibitor Library receptor The results also showed that

  2024-01-18

  

  The results also showed that the A3 receptor agonist increased the phosphorylated levels of Akt, leading to activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. A3 MAPK Inhibitor Library receptor stimulation has protective effects against RGC death following ischemia-reperfusion, glutamate toxicity, and optic nerve

• Extracellular ATP and downstream purinergic signaling have a

  2024-01-18

  

  Extracellular ATP and downstream purinergic signaling have also been proposed to contribute to dental pulp tissue healing and dentin regeneration. Mechanical and thermal stimulation of external dentin can induce ATP release in dental pulp through pannexins [13]. Cold stimulation was also reported to

• In the current study we provide evidence that enhanced ATX

  2024-01-17

  

  In the current study, we provide evidence that enhanced ATX activity correlates well with increased ATX protein concentration during cholestasis and pregnancy (Fig. 1). Hereby we have ruled out the possibility of ATX enzyme activation in these conditions, e.g. by circulating cholephiles. ATX clearan

• br Conclusion br List of abbreviations br Acknowledgment The

  2024-01-17

  

  Conclusion List of abbreviations Acknowledgment The studies performed by our laboratory and presented in this review were supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, (KAKENHI 17590618 [to H.I.] and KAKENHI 22249017 [to Y.Y.]), and the Japanese S

• Our current knowledge on autophagy broadly differentiates

  2024-01-17

  

  Our current knowledge on autophagy broadly differentiates it into three types: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Macroautophagy mainly involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic contents in a double-walled membrane followed by the fusion with the lysosomes. The lysosom

• Aurora A overexpression is also related to the activation

  2024-01-17

  

  Aurora-A overexpression is also related to the activation of NF-κB, a potent anti-apoptotic effector that may play a role in preventing apoptosis in cancer IGF-1, human recombinant [18]. These data show that we are still at the beginning of unraveling the complex mechanism by which these gene prod

• br Introduction The vacuolar ATPases V ATPases are ATP

  2024-01-17

  

  Introduction The vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are ATP-driven proton pumps that play important roles in both normal and disease processes [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. V-ATPases within cells function in such processes as intracellular membrane traffic, protein processing and degradation, coupled transp

• br Disclaimer Statement br Acknowledgments br Introduction M

  2024-01-17

  

  Disclaimer Statement Acknowledgments Introduction Metabolic changes are a common feature of cancerous tissues. Mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes cause alterations to multiple intracellular signaling pathways that rewire tumor cell metabolism and re-engineer it to allow enhan

• The canonical binding sites to which or contribute

  2024-01-17

  

  The canonical mi2 to which α2, α3, or α5 contribute are highly similar. Therefore, differences in ligand affinity will not be large even if a ligand makes optimal use of the small differences in the pockets. As a possible alternative approach to achieve separation of compound effects, ligands with s

16541 records 214/1103 page Previous Next First page 上5页 211212213214215 下5页 Last page