• br Conclusions br Conflict of

  2020-07-01

  

  Conclusions Conflict of interest Financial disclosure Introduction In prokaryotes, six distinct autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways have been identified so far. Of these pathways, 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (3-HP/4-HB) cycle is one of the recently discovered pathways [1]. The 3-

• Materials and methods Construction of

  2020-06-30

  

  Materials and methods Construction of the Chk-YB-1b-Neo vector. Approximately 107 plaques from a chicken genomic library established in EMBL3 vector (Clontech Palo Alto, CA) was screened and one clone containing a 12kb insert was selected. Digestion of this clone with SalI and EcoRI restriction enz

• pepstatin br Discussion The use of carp primary cell

  2020-06-30

  

  Discussion The use of carp primary cell cultures proved to be a valuable approach to evaluate the piscine immune response. A. hydrophila was a more potent stimulator of NO formation by carp leukocytes compared to commercial LPS often used for leukocyte stimulation (Mustafa and Olson, 1998, Chao e

• br Introduction Maintaining the normal function of fetal tro

  2020-06-30

  

  Introduction Maintaining the normal function of fetal trophoblasts is essential for a successful pregnancy. Preeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy-specific disorder, is often associated with excessive trophoblast cell apoptosis and superficial trophoblast invasion leading to insufficient spiral artery re

• br Materials and methods br

  2020-06-30

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion PKA and Epac are two principal effector proteins involved in cAMP signaling; they are expressed in a wide range of tissues and control diverse biological functions [10]. The existence of two cAMP effectors provides more precise regulation of cAMP sig

• Emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of Mtb

  2020-06-30

  

  Emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of Mtb alongwith the inefficacy of widely used Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine in adults are major challenges in the treatment and prevention of TB. Elucidation and characterization of new vaccine and drug candidates are therefore required in order to

• Compared with qualitative analysis by

  2020-06-30

  

  Compared with qualitative analysis by Kalyankar et al. (2013), less sequences were identified in iTRAQ-labelled analysis. It is not surprising with the finding that each of the identified peptide includes the sequence in every sampling point. Glu(51)-Tyr(52) of αs2-casein was observed to have been c

• Since both the Ub and ISG

  2020-06-30

  

  Since both the Ub and ISG15 systems are crucial for the innate immune response, many prokaryotic and viral pathogens have evolved ways to hijack them in order to create a “window-of-opportunity” for efficient replication. Several viral and bacterial proteins have been found to directly target these

• br Compliance with ethical standards This work was conducted

  2020-06-30

  

  Compliance with ethical standards This work was conducted in compliance with ethical standards. Conflict of interest Funding The work was funded by extra mural research grant (EMR/2016/005135) from Science and Engineering Research Board, Government of India. Acknowledgements Introduc

• Predictions of enzyme topology for DGAT

  2020-06-30

  

  Predictions of enzyme topology for DGAT2 are more difficult since the DGAT2 polypeptide sequences are more diverse across species than those of DGAT1. The length and function of the hydrophilic N-terminus preceding the first hydrophobic segment varies with species – for example, segments in fungi ar

• br The role of TNFs and AD The

  2020-06-30

  

  The role of TNFs and AD The TNF superfamily includes 19 members that can bind 29 different receptors [56, 57]; the 19 members are Lta, TNF-α, lymphotoxin-β (LTβ), OX40L, TNF associated activation protein (TRAP, also named CD40L or gp39), factor associated suicide ligand (FasL), CD70, CD153, 4-1BB

• Naringenin is the one of

  2020-06-30

  

  Naringenin is the one of the many components in grapefruit juice. It was assumed that administration of 20mL grapefruit juice per kilogram of body weight is completely glucuronidated in the hepatic or gut wall for first pass metabolism [38]. It has been detected that one liter of grapefruit juice co

• Orange spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides is a

  2020-06-30

  

  Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is a coral reef fish with a high commercial value in China and Southeast Asian countries. However, in recent years, various outbreaks of viral diseases have affected the grouper aquaculture industry (Wei et al., 2010). Specifically, Singapore grouper iri

• It has been shown that

  2020-06-29

  

  It has been shown that DAPK induces cell death through an increase in DAPK catalytic activity and subsequent phosphorylation of target proteins (Shang et al., 2005, Yamamoto et al., 2002), but its multidomain structure enables also a close physical interaction with other proteins (Bialik and Kimchi,

• Cytochromes P CYP are a superfamily of hemoproteins containi

  2020-06-29

  

  Cytochromes P450 (CYP 450) are a superfamily of hemoproteins containing a heme cofactor, which are widely distributed in animals, plants and microbes (Hannemann et al., 2007). CYP450 exhibits a variety of biological functions including biotransformation of drugs, detoxification of endogenous and xen

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